let’s not forget the Arctic already produces 40% of the world’s palladium, 20% of its diamonds, and 15% of its platinum.

The Wall Street Journal has estimated another $1 trillion in rare earth minerals, at today’s prices. The Russian Arctic alone holds $1.5 to $2 trillion in mineral wealth.

The Northern Sea Route, running along Russia’s northern coast, shortens the transit time between Asia and Europe by 40% and saves 4,500 nautical miles—all while avoiding the Suez Canal, the Strait of Hormuz, and the Strait of Malacca.